Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Renal Parenchyma, Inflammatory Disease, Severe Disease, Rare Disease.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare and severe chronic inflammatory disease of the renal parenchyma, characterized by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages and granulomatous lesions. It is usually associated with urinary tract obstruction and infection by bacteria such as E. coli, Proteus, or Pseudomonas. We report a case of a 38-year-old patient with XGP infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, who presented with fever, flank pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology after nephrectomy. The patient was treated with antibiotics and recovered well.

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